Berowra Valley

Berowra Valley Regional Park

470Mhz (FM) CB frequency table

This article lists the channel, use and frequency table for the 470 MHz FM CB radio for Australia. These radios are becoming very common in the outdoors. Cheap handed held radios that operate over 1-2km are available for less than $100 at many electronic shops. These types of CB radios give access to a large network of freely accessible repeaters throughout Australia. The use of these repeaters can extend the range of communications up 50km. Includes links to lists of all UHF CB repeaters in Australia

If you want to find a UHF CB repeater in Australia, follow one of these links

UHF CB repeaters
UHF CB repeaters NSW
UHF CB repeaters VIC
UHF CB repeaters TAS
UHF CB repeaters SA
UHF CB repeaters WA
UHF CB repeaters QLD
UHF CB repeaters ACT
UHF CB repeaters NT

Otherwise here is the frequency and use table of UHF CB radios in Australia

Channel	Freq (MHz)	Use
1	476.425	Repeater access (In Duplex mode)
2	476.450	Repeater access (In Duplex mode)
3	476.475	Repeater access (In Duplex mode)
4	476.500	Repeater access (In Duplex mode)
5	476.525	Emergency Call channel (simplex or duplex)
6	476.550	Repeater access (In Duplex mode)
7	476.575	Repeater access (In Duplex mode)
8	476.600	Repeater access (In Duplex mode)
9	476.625
10	476.650
11	476.675	Call channel
12	476.700
13	476.725
14	476.750
15	476.775
16	476.800
17	476.825
18	476.850
19	476.875
20	476.900
21	476.925
22	476.950	Telemetry and Remote control (ie no talking)
23	476.975	Telemetry and Remote control (ie no talking)
24	477.000
25	477.025
26	477.050
27	477.075
28	477.100
29	477.125
30	477.150
31	477.175	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access)
32	477.200	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access)
33	477.225	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access)
34	477.250	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access)
35	477.275	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access -Emergency)
36	477.300	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access)
37	477.325	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access)
38	477.350	(Outgoing channel for duplex repeater access)
39	477.375
40	477.400	Road channel

Naismith’s Rule (estimate walking time)

Naismith’s rule was developed by a William Naismith in 1892 as a basic rule of thumb that can be used to calculate the time it will take to walk from point a to b. The formula has been adapted a little since then and considers the distance to walk, the altitude changed and the speed that you will walk at.

This rule assumes a reasonable level of fitness, but Tranter’s corrections can but used to change the time to suit a particular level of fitness.

Naismith’s Rule first makes a calculation based on distance over time. eg if your walking a 4km/h for 4 km it will take you one hour. Not rocket science. But it adds a bit over an hour and a half for every 1000m you climb and about three quarters of a hour for every 500 meters you descend.

I have include two methods to help you in your trip planning. Firstly a calculator and secondly a Nomogram that you can use with a ruler in the field. Have a play with both

Naismith’s Rule Calculator
Naismith’s Rule Nomogram
How to use Naismith’s Rule Nomogram

This Nomogram below can be used to calculate the estimated walking time.

Naismith’s Rule Nomogram

At first this Nomogram can be a bit overwhelming to look at. But don’t stress I think you will pick it up quickly.

First you need to pick an altitude shift line.

Move from right to left to find the line that represents the number of meters you will climb in total, next

Move down the number of meters you will descend in total.

Follow this new line up and to the left (this is your altitude shift line)

see here we plan to climb 700m and descend 1000m

Next we keep going up the altitude shift line until we get to your estimated walking speed.

This is our pivot point.

In this example it is 4km/h

Now just draw a straight line from the number of Kilometers you plan to walk, through the pivot point till you hit the Hours axis. And voila you can read the estimated time.

In this example we will walk 10km and the answer is 4 and a half hours

If you wish to apply Tranter’s Corrections I have include a table below to help.

Fitness in the left column is the number of minutes that it would take you to climb 1000ft over 800m

f i t n e s s (m)		Time taken in hours using Naismith’s Rule
		2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
	15 (fit)	1	1½	2	2¾	3½	4½	5½	6¾	7¾	10	12½	14½	17	19½	22	24
	20	1¼	2¼	3¼	4½	5½	6½	7¾	8¾	10	12½	15	17½	20	23
	25	1½	3	4¼	5½	7	8½	10	11½	13¼	15	17½
	30	2	3½	5	6¾	8½	10½	12½	14½
	40	2¾	4¼	5¾	7½	9½	11½
	50 (unfit)	3¼	4¾	6½	8½

Wind Chill

The wind chill is the effect of the wind on people and animals. The wind chill temperature is based on the rate of heat loss from exposed skin caused by wind and cold and is to give you an approximation of how cold the air feels on your body.

As the wind increases, it removes heat from the body, driving down skin temperature and eventually the internal body temperature. Therefore, the wind makes it FEEL much colder. If the temperature is -11°C and the wind is blowing at 30km/h , the wind chill temperature is -20°C. At this level, exposed skin can freeze in just a few minutes.

The only effect wind chill has on inanimate objects, such as car radiators and water pipes, is to shorten the amount of time for the object to cool. The inanimate object will not cool below the actual air temperature. For example, if the temperature outside is -11°C and the wind chill temperature is -20°C, then your car’s radiator temperature will be no lower than the air temperature of -11°C.

The Wind Chill Chart

To determine the wind chill temperature, find the value closest to your outside air temperature. Find the value that most closely represents your present wind speed. Your wind chill temperature is the value where lines drawn from the air temperature and wind cross.

Air Temperature (°C)
W I N D S P E E D km / h	Calm	4	2	-1	-4	-7	-9	-12	-15	-18	-21	-23	-26	-29	-32	-34	-37	-40	-43
	8	2	-1	-4	-7	-11	-14	-17	-21	-24	-27	-30	-33	-37	-40	-43	-47	-49	-53
	16	1	-3	-6	-9	-13	-16	-20	-23	-27	-30	-33	-37	-41	-44	-47	-51	-54	-58
	24	0	-4	-7	-11	-14	-18	-22	-25	-28	-32	-36	-39	-43	-46	-50	-53	-57	-61
	32	-1	-4	-8	-12	-15	-19	-23	-26	-30	-34	-37	-41	-44	-48	-52	-56	-59	-63
	40	-1	-5	-9	-13	-16	-20	-24	-27	-31	-35	-38	-42	-46	-50	-53	-57	-61	-64
	48	-2	-6	-9	-13	-17	-21	-24	-28	-32	-36	-39	-43	-47	-51	-55	-58	-62	-66
	56	-2	-6	-10	-14	-18	-22	-26	-29	-33	-37	-41	-44	-48	-52	-56	-60	-63	-67
	64	-3	-7	-11	-14	-18	-22	-26	-30	-34	-38	-42	-46	-49	-53	-57	-61	-64	-68
	72	-3	-7	-11	-15	-19	-23	-27	-31	-34	-38	-42	-46	-50	-54	-58	-62	-66	-69
	80	-3	-7	-11	-16	-19	-23	-27	-31	-35	-39	-43	-47	-51	-55	-59	-63	-67	-71
	89	-4	-8	-12	-15	-19	-24	-28	-32	-36	-39	-43	-48	-52	-56	-59	-63	-67	-72
	97	-4	-8	-12	-16	-20	-24	-28	-32	-36	-40	-44	-48	-52	-56	-60	-64	-68	-72

What is important about the wind chill besides feeling colder than the actual air temperature? The lower the wind chill temperature, the greater you are at risk for developing frost bite and/or hypothermia.

Frostbite occurs when your body tissue freezes. The most susceptible parts of the body are fingers, toes, ear lobes, and the tip of the nose. Hypothermia occurs when body core temperature, normally around 37°C falls below 35°C. The following table shows how fast frostbite can occur at various wind chill temperatures.

Wind Chill	Cold Threat
-6°C to 4°C	COLD. Unpleasant.
-17°C to -7°C	VERY COLD. Very unpleasant.
-28°C to -18°C	BITTER COLD. Frostbite possible. Exposed skin can freeze within 5 minutes.
-56°C to -29°C	EXTREMELY COLD. Frostbite likely. Exposed skin can freeze within 1 minute. Outdoor activity becomes dangerous.
-57°C and lower	FRIGIDLY COLD. Exposed skin can freeze in 30 seconds.

The best way to avoid hypothermia and frostbite is to stay warm and dry indoors. When you must go outside, dress appropriately. Wear several layers of loose-fitting, lightweight, warm clothing. Trapped air between the layers will insulate you. Remove layers to avoid sweating and subsequent chill.

Outer garments should be tightly woven, water repellent, and hooded. Wear a hat, because half of your body heat can be lost from your head. Cover your mouth to protect your lungs from extreme cold. Mittens, snug at the wrist, are better than gloves. Try to stay dry and out of the wind.

Geotagging Photos

Ever looked back on your photo’s and thought, hum where was that? Geotagging is a simple process that lets your digital photo remeber where it was taken. This means that even years down the track you will be able to quickly place your photos on a map and say Ahh that’s where that campsite was. Read on to learn how to do this with your digital camera……

A GPS knows where it has been and a digital photo know when the image was captured. Geotagging software looks at both the GPS data and the photo to work out where the camera was when the photo was taken. Cool huh!

To geotag your photos you can use almost any digital camera, a GPS logger and some free software.

At wildwalks we use this process with every photo we take to help catalog our photos, review tracknotes and find photos for each walk and campsite. I am sure you will find many uses for it.

Part of the magic is that digital photos have extra info called EXIF data. This is where the camera can store info like, what time the photo was taken, what lense was used, if the flash was on. There are standard EXIF tags for storing location data like Latitude and Longitude. This does not effect the look of the photo.

The quick overview

1) Turn on your GPS logger, and carry it with you

2) Take lots of photos

3) Sync the GPS and Photos on your computer

4) see your photos on a map

GPS Logger

A GPS logger is any device with a GPS that can remeber where it has been. You have a few choices for a GPS logger that vary greatly in quality and battery life. Here is a list of some devices that can be a GPS logger;

most hand held GPS units,

many mobile phones (with GPS’s built in),

a dedicated GPS logger

Once you have a a GPS logger set it to record at an appropriate interval. If you set them to record too often on a long trip, you will run out of memory. But the more often they log the more accurate the geocoding process is. For a new GPS logger, logging every second of a weekend trip will work find. You can use many to record every 10 or 100 meters so you save memory when you are not moving. There are lots of settings to play with.

Once set up and recording, make sure the GPS has a clear view of the sky, place it in the top of your pack, avoid burying in or down the side. Consider parting with the cash to buy a dedicated GPS logger (http://shop.ebay.com.au/?_nkw=gps+logger) they are generally much better than the other options mentioned.

Taking your photos

Take your masterpieces as you usually would, just make sure you have your GPS with you and that it is logging. One handy trick is to set the camera’s clock close to the time on the GPS clock, and don’t change it. It is more important that the time is consistant than accurate. So don’t go changing the camera clock half way through a trip.

Working out the time differance

To make sure the photos align well, we want to note the time between the camera and GPS. Most syncing software has an inbuilt calculator to do this. But to know the time stamp differance take a photos of the GPS clock, or another accurate UTC clock (time.gov). Then you can see the official time in the photo and the EXIF data stores the camera’s time.

Syncing the photos and GPS data

Follow your camera and GPS instructions to upload your images and GPS data to your computer. There are many programs that can be used for geotagging your photos, and many are free. My favourtie is gpicsync It works on most operating systems, is free and opensource. Download it and get started. It is fairly easy to follow but if you get stuck, try yelling at the computer and if that does not work then try reading the instructions.

Where in the world are my photos?

Now the photos know where they were taken, so what next?. Gpicsync creates a ‘KML’ file that you can open in Google Earth and see your photos and route, it is pretty cool. To manage a larger number of trips you can load your photo into Picasa (free). Picasa is a cute photo manager that allows you to do many basic functions like crop and rotate, but also allows you to view you photos on Google Earth.

You can also share your geotagged photos with the wider world through services like Picasa web, Panoramio, and flickr.

Other options

If you have money to spend and think this is pretty cool stuff then you can get a camera with built in or clip on GPS such as a Canon or Nikon digital SLR. This way the photos are geotagged when you press the shutter release, no need to do this syncing process. Also you can get a GPS with a digital compass so you can even tell which direction the camera was looking.

If you want to geotag photos that you do not have GPS data for, then you can use Picasa and Google Earth. Picasa makes this process much less painful. You select the photos, and it opens Google Earth, then you point to where the photo was taken, and Picasa updates the EXIF data.

Some bonus Tips

Set the log frequency to the highest possible setting considering the length of your journey (At wildwalks we log once every second).
Make sure your GPS has a good view of the sky – the antenna should pointing up and be at the top of your pack.
On Long trips – think about batteries – some GPS need to be plugged in to charge. A GPS that uses AA batteries is probably better for longer trips. Set the logging interval to be based on distance rather than time (or a mix of both). Switch the GPS off overnight or when not using the camera.
Please (pretty please) have an off site back up your photos. computers will let you down

Walks in the Blue Mountains National Park

Title: Walks in the Blue Mountains National Park
Author: Neil Paton
Edition: 1
Publisher: Kangaroo Press
ISBN: 0864171293
Number of pages: 128
Year of Publication: 1987
Cover Price (au$): 10.95
Format: Paperback
Weight (grams): 145
Regions the book covers: Blue Mountains
Height (cm): 19

Subjects:
Nature trails - New South Wales - Blue Mountains National Park - Guidebooks,Hiking - New South Wales - Blue Mountains National Park - Guidebooks,Blue Mountains National Park (N.S.W.) - Guidebooks
Niche: Blue Mountains
Interpretive Information: Minimal
Grade system explained: No
Ascent and/or Decent provided: No
Driving directions provided: No
Date walks last reviewed provided: No
A summary of walks provided: No
Regional Map of walks provided: Yes
Maps designed for walking: Yes - limited detail
Type of maps used (for walking): Sketch
Colour used in walking maps: Black and White
Size of walking maps: 3/4 page
Walking map Comment: Most maps are shared by at least a few walks
Colour depth of photos: Black and White
Comment on Photographs: One photograph every three pages (on average)
Level of detail in tracknotes: Detailed route information
Alternate route and side trip suggestions: Many walks

Walk Name	Length	Time	Grade	Page
Lapstone to Glenbrook Creek				10
Lower Glenbrook Creek				12
Upper Glenbrook Creek - Martins Lookout to Picnic Point				13
Upper Glenbrook Creek - Perch Ponds to Faulconbridge				16
Red Hands Cave				19
The Oaks				19
Portal Lookout and Euroka Clearing				20
Tobys Glen Area				22
Murphys Glen Area				22
Wilsons Glen				24
Anderson's Fire Trail, Ingar Picnic Area				24
McMahons Lookout Area				25
Terrace Falls, Cataract Falls				27
Nepean Lookout Area				31
Empire Pass				31
Horseshoe Falls Reserve				32
Mabel Falls Reserve				36
The Valley of the Waters				39
Sublime Point				46
Cliff Walk				47
Federal Pass				54
Ruined Castle				57
Mt Solitary				58
Sewage Plant Service Road				61
Narrow Neck Plateau				62
The Devils Hole, Boars Head Rock				66
The Six Foot Track				69
Black Range Track				78
Medlow Gap				79
Radiata Plateau				80
Mt Hay				82
The Lockley Track				84
Neates Glen, the Grand Canyon				85
Evans Lookout to Govetts Leap				86
Govetts Leap to Pulpit Rock				87
Perrys Lookdown and Anvil Rock				87
The Braeside Walk				88
Govetts Leap to Junction Rock				89
Evans Lookout Bridle Trail				89
Perrys Lookdown to Blue Gum Forrest				90
The Rodriguez Pass				91
Blue Gum Forest to Victoria Falls Lookout				92
Pierces Pass				95
Mt Banks				95
Balzer Lookout and the Hanging Rock				97
Henson Glen, Minnie Ha-Ha Falls				98
Mt Wilson				104
Wallangambe River				109
Deep Pass				112
New Yards Hill Area				112
Mt Cookem				116
Scotts Main Range				117
Yerranderie				119
Colong Swamp				121
Kanangra				123
Burragorang Lookout				126

Take A Walk in Kosciuszko National Park

Title: Take A Walk in Kosciuszko National Park
Author: John Daly,Lyn Daly
Edition: 1
Publisher: Take a Walk Publications
ISBN: 9780957793187
Number of pages: 255
Year of Publication: 2010
Cover Price (au$): 34.95
Format: Paperback
Website: http://www.takeawalk.com.au/
Weight (grams): 340
Regions the book covers: kosciuszko national park
Height (cm): 21

Subjects:
Hiking - New South Wales - Kosciuszko National Park - Guidebooks. | National parks and reserves - New South Wales - Kosciuszko National Park - Guidebooks. | Kosciuszko National Park (N.S.W.) - Guidebooks.
Niche: kosciuszko
Grade system explained: Yes
Ascent and/or Decent provided: No
Driving directions provided: Yes
Date walks last reviewed provided: No
A summary of walks provided: Yes
Regional Map of walks provided: Yes
Maps designed for walking: Yes - reasonable detail
Type of maps used (for walking): Sketch
Colour used in walking maps: Multicolour
Size of walking maps: 1/4 page
Walking map Comment: varey in sizes
Colour depth of photos: Colour
Comment on Photographs: small to medium colour photo's every second page
Level of detail in tracknotes: General route description
Alternate route and side trip suggestions: Some walks

Walk Name	Length	Time	Grade	Page
Bulllocks Track	4.6 km	1 hr 30 mins	easy	42
Mount Kosciuszko	12.4 km	4 hrs	mod	42
Rams head, Rawson Pass Circuit	11.5 km	5 hrs	mod	44
Dead Horse Gap and Thredbo River Tracks	9.1 km	2 hrs 30 mins	mod	46
Merritts Nature Track	3.8 km	1 hr 30 mins	mod	47
Southern Main Range Circuit	50.9 km	4 Days	hard	48
The Chimneys	16.1 km	5 hrs	mod	53
Waterfall Walk	5.5 km	1 hr 30 mins	mod	55
Pallaibo and Sawpit Tracks	11.2 km	3 hrs	easy	56
Rennix Walk	11.0 km	3 hrs 30 mins	easy	57
Raindbow Lake	3.0 km	1 Hr	easy	58
Porcupine Rocks	5.4 km	2 hrs	easy	60
Blue Lake	10.0 km	3 hrs	mod	61
Blue Lake	10.0 km	3 hrs	mod	61
Blue Lake, Club Lake Circuit	13.1 km	4 hrs 30 mins	mod	63
Mount Stilwell	3.6 km	1 hr 30 mins	easy	64
Charlotte Pass, Main Range, Rolling Ground, Munyang	29.7 km	2 Days	hard	65
Whites River Hut, Rolling Ground, Dicky Cooper Bogong	26.3 km	2 Days	hard	70
Brassy Mountains, Mawsons Hut, Kerries Ridge Circuit	40.6 km	3 Days	hard	73
Guthega, Mount Tate, Tate East Ridge Circuit	12.9 km	5 hrs	mod	76
The Pilot	43.0 km	3 Days	mod	79
Kiandra Heritage Trail	1.2 km	30 mins	easy	84
Elaine Mine	16.2 km	5 hrs	mod	86
Cabramurra Pleteau	6.3 km	2 hrs	easy	87
Goldseekers Track	3.0 km	1 Hr	easy	88
Black Jack and Manjar	19.8 km	6 hrs	mod	90
Jagungal Wilderness	66.8 km	4 Days	hard	92
Southern Cloud Crash Site	15.2 km	5 hrs	mod	99
Snakey Plain and Wheelers Hut	16.4 km	5 hrs	mod	100
Kiandra Plain	7.0 km	2 hrs 30 mins	mod	102
Gooandra Homestead	10.0 km	3 hrs	easy	103
Blue Creek Coppermine	21.5 km	8 hrs	mod	105
Old Currango	9.2 km	3 hrs	easy	120
Leura Gap	27.0 km	9 hrs	hard	121
Bimberi Peak	21.2 km	8 hrs	hard	122
Blue Waterholes to Clarkes Gorge	5.0 km	1 hr 30 mins	easy	126
Nichols Gorge Circuit	6.7 km	2 hrs	mod	127
Glory Hole and River Walk	3.3 km	1 hr 30 mins	easy	131
Bluff Lookout Circuit	2.3 km	1 Hr	Easy	132
Castle Cave	2.6 km	1 Hr	easy	133
Jounama Homestead Ruins	15.7 km	5 hrs	easy	135
Talbingo Reservoir Viewpoint	12.6 km	4 hrs 30 mins	mod	137
Warogong Sugarloaf	10.4 km	4 hrs 30 mins	mod	140
Blowering Cliffs	4.8 km	1 hr 30 mins	mod	141
Blowering Basin	3.4 km	1 hr 30 mins	easy	143
Buddong Falls	2.4 km	1 Hr	mod	144
Jounama Creek	6 km	2 hrs	easy	145
Old Mountain Road Walk	8.2 km	3 hrs	mod	146
Landers Falls Lookout and Big Talbingo	20.8 km	7 hrs	mod	147
Bogong Wilderness	41.4 km	2 Days	mod	148
Vickerys Hut	5.2 km	2 hrs	mod	152
The Hole	13.0 km	5 hrs	mod	153
Walhalla to Mount Hotham	235.2 km	17 Days	hard	162
Mount Hotham to Thredbo	213.5 km	15 Days	hard	189
Thredbo to Namadgi Visitor Centre	223.1 km	11 Days	hard	217

Take a walk in a national park – Sydney to Port Macquarie

Title: Take a walk in a national park - Sydney to Port Macquarie
Author: John Daly, Lyn Daly
Edition: 1
Publisher: Take A Walk Publications
ISBN: 0957793111
Number of pages: 224
Year of Publication: 2000
Cover Price (au$): 21.95
Format: Paperback
Website: http://www.takeawalk.com.au/
Weight (grams): 390
Regions the book covers: Between Sydney City and Port Macquarie NSW (mostly near the coast)
Height (cm): 21

Subjects:
Hiking - New South Wales - Guidebooks,National parks and reserves - New South Wales - Guidebooks
Interpretive Information: Plenty
Grade system explained: No
Ascent and/or Decent provided: No
Driving directions provided: Yes
Date walks last reviewed provided: No
A summary of walks provided: Yes
Regional Map of walks provided: Yes
Maps designed for walking: No - no maps intended for use when walking
Colour depth of photos: Colour
Comment on Photographs: Colour plat of 16 photo's provided at the centre of the book. No other photos provided
Level of detail in tracknotes: Detailed route information
Alternate route and side trip suggestions: Some walks

Walk Name	Length	Time	Grade	Page
Clifton Gardens, Chowder Bay, Taylors Bay, Bradleys Head	6.8 km	3 hrs	Easy	32
Dobroyd Head Circuit	3 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	34
Grotto Point	2.6 km	2 hrs	Easy	35
Fairfax Walking Track	1 km	30 mins	Easy	36
Hermitage Foreshore Track	2.8 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	37
Coastal Cliff Walk, Camp Cove, Lady Bay, South Head	7.5 km	3 hrs	Easy	38
Goat Island	2 km	2 hrs	Easy	39
Fiddens Wharf Walking Track	3.5 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Easy	43
DeBurghs Bridge Circuit	10 km	5 hrs	Moderate	44
Long Neck Lagoon	5 km	2 hrs	Easy	48
Mitchell Park Circuit	4 km	2 hrs	Easy	52
Convict Lagoon	3.5 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	53
Hawkesbury River Lookout	800 m	30 mins	Easy	53
Flat Rock, Bantry Bay, Bates Creek Circuit	8.5 km	3 hrs	Easy	57
Lyrebird, Carroll Creek, Casuarina Tracks Circuit	8.8 km	3 hrs	Moderate	58
Two Creeks Track	10.5 km	3 hrs 30 mins	Easy	59
The Cascades, Frenchs Creek and Bare Creek	13.5 km	4 hrs 30 mins	Easy	60
Centre Track, McCarrs Creek Circuit	9.5 km	4 hrs	Easy	66
Elvina Track	5 km	2 hrs	Easy	67
Elvina Track, Lovett Bay, Towlers Bay Circuit	11.5 km	5 hrs	Moderate	68
Challenger Track	3 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	69
Basin Track, Mackerel Track Circuit	7.2 km	3 hrs	Easy	69
Flint and Steel Beach	4.5 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Moderate	70
Koolewong Trail	800 m	30 mins	Easy	71
Red Hands Cave, Resolute Beach, West Head Beach Circuit	5.5 km	3 hrs	Easy	71
Perimeter Track to Smiths Creek	11 km	4 hrs	Moderate	73
Murrua Track, Bobbin Head, Gibberagong Circuit	11.5 km	5 hrs	Moderate	74
The Sphinx, Warrimoo, Bobbin Head Circuit	10.5 km	3 hrs 30 mins	Easy	75
Apple Tree Bay, Cockle Creek Lookout Circuit	3.5 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	77
Mt Ku-ring-gai Track, Apple Tree Bay, Waratah Bay, Berowra	12 km	5 hrs	Moderate	77
Cowan, Jerusalem Bay, Campbells Crater, Brooklyn	12 km	6 hrs	Moderate	78
Central Popran Wildflower Walk	5 km	2 hrs	Easy	83
Popran Creek Track	4.5 km	2 hrs	Moderate	84
Mt Olive and Mailmans Track to Glenworth Valley	8 km	3 hrs	Moderate	84
248 Track, Emerald Pool Circuit	8.5 km	3 hrs	Moderate	85
Grass Tree Circuit	1.4 km	1 Hr	Easy	86
11km Walking Track	11 km	5 hrs	Moderate	89
Ten Mile Hollow, Simpsons Track, Mangrove Creek,Clares Bridge	48 km	2 Days	Moderate	90
Finchs Line, Devines Hill Circuit	9.5 km	3 hrs	Easy	92
Coba Ridge Trail to Coba Point	18 km	6 hrs	Moderate	96
Marramarra Ridge, Smugglers Ridge Circuit	17 km	5 hrs	Moderate	97
Canoelands Ridge to Gentlemans Halt	20 km	8 hrs	Hard	98
Girrakool Aboriginal Art Site	1.5 km	30 mins	Easy	103
Piles Creek Loop Track	6.0 km	3 hrs	Moderate	104
Girrakool to Somersby Falls	14.7 km	5 hrs 30 mins	Moderate	104
Girrakool Loop Track	1 km	30 mins	Easy	106
Somersby Falls	1 km	30 mins	Easy	107
Mooney Mooney Creek Circuit	12 km	5 hrs	Moderate	107
Robinson Road to Somersby Falls	14 km	5 hrs	Moderate	108
Bulgandry Aboriginal Site	1 km	1 Hr	Easy	110
Bulgandry, Rat Creek, Camp Kariong Circuit	8.5 km	3 hrs	Easy	110
Staples Lookout to Girrakool	15 km	6 hrs	Easy	111
Rocky Ponds Trail	15 km	4 hrs 30 mins	Moderate	113
Wondabyne to Pindar Cave	12 km	4 hrs	Moderate	114
Umina, Pearl Beach, Mt Ettalong Circuit	9 km	4 hrs	Moderate	116
Patonga to Staples Lookout	15.5 km	6 hrs	Moderate	117
Patonga to Pearl Beach	8 km	4 hrs	Easy	119
Patonga Creek Wetlands	1.5 km	2 hrs	Easy	119
Koolewong Ridge	11 km	4 hrs 30 mins	Moderate	120
Daleys Ridge Aboriginal Site	5 km	2 hrs	Easy	125
Putty Beach, Gerrin Point, Maitland Bay, Bouddi Spur,Maitland Bay Information Centre Circuit	14.3 km	6 hrs	Moderate	126
Tallow Beach, Little Tallow Beach, Box Head Circuit	5 km	2 hrs	Easy	128
Bouddi Ridge, Lobster Beach and Wagstaff Point	7 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Easy	129
Bullimah Lookout	2 km	1 Hr	Easy	130
Little Beach, The Bouddi Trail, Bombi Moor,Bouddi Spur Circuit	10.7 km	4 hrs	Easy	131
Coast Walking Track	9.5 km	3 hrs	Moderate	135
Lillypilly Trail and Red Gum Forest Circuit	7.3 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Easy	136
Abbotts Falls Circuit	8 km	4 hrs	Moderate	142
The Pines and Wildflower Trails	2 km	1 Hr	Easy	143
Boarding House Dam	650 m	30 mins	Easy	143
Monkey Face Lookout	1.2 km	30 mins	Easy	144
Gap Creek Falls	1.5 km	1 hr 30 mins	Moderate	144
Morna Point	5.5 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Easy	148
Tomaree Head	2.4 km	1 hr 30 mins	Moderate	149
Boulder Bay to Fingal Head	5.5 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Easy	150
Boulder Bay to Samurai Beach	12 km	5 hrs	Moderate	151
The Spit	2.4 km	1 Hr	Moderate	153
Stephens Peak	1.8 km	1 hr 30 mins	Moderate	154
Yacaaba Headland	6.5 km	3 hrs	Moderate	157
Pipers Creek to Robinsons Crossing	8 km	3 hrs	Easy	159
Robinsons Crossing to Dark Point	9 km	4 hrs	Moderate	159
Wildflower Walk	8 km	4 hrs	Easy	160
Mungo Brush, Brambles Green, Tamboy	15 km	5 hrs	Moderate	161
Mungo Brush Rainforest Walk	2.5 km	1 Hr	Easy	162
Johnsons Hill	8 km	3 hrs	Easy	162
Tickerabit	16 km	5 hrs	Easy	164
Shelley Beach	22 km	7 hrs	Moderate	164
River Mouth Fire Trail	9 km	3 hrs	Easy	165
Violet Hill	1.5 km	1 Hr	Easy	166
River Walk	3.6 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	170
Cabbage Tree Palm Circuit	1.7 km	1 Hr	Easy	170
Shelly Beach	1 km	30 mins	Easy	175
Booti Hill, Elizabeth Beach, Wallis Lake Circuit	6 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Moderate	175
McBrides Beach	2.4 km	1 Hr	Moderate	176
Cape Hawke	900 m	30 mins	Moderate	177
Rocky Crossing	16 km	5 hrs	Moderate	182
Lagoon Pinch to Careys Peak	24 km	10 hrs	Hard	184
Lagoon Pinch, Careys Peak, Edwards Swamp, Junction Pools, Black Swamp, Big Hole	37 km	2 Days	Moderate	186
Burraga Swamp	2 km	1 Hr	Easy	188
Sharpes Creek Circuit	4.5 km	2 hrs	Moderate	189
Antarctic Beach Forest Walk	3 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	190
River Walk	2.1 km	1 Hr	Easy	191
Gloucester Falls Walk	2 km	1 Hr	Easy	191
The Link Trail Gloucester Tops to Careys Peak	44 km	2 Days	Moderate	192
Devils Hole Lookout Circuit	4.5 km	2 hrs	Moderate	197
Middle Brother Trail	19.5 km	8 hrs	Moderate	197
Rainforest Loop	500 m	15 mins	Easy	201
Laurieton Track to North Brother Mountain	5 km	3 hrs	Hard	201
Humbug Point	8.5 km	3 hrs 30 mins	Easy	206
Fishermans Track	2 km	1 Hr	Moderate	206
Diamond Head Circuit	5.2 km	2 hrs	Moderate	208
Kylies Beach to Crowdy Head	22 km	8 hrs	Moderate	209
Bago Bluff Circuit	17 km	7 hrs	Hard	212
Herons Creek, Bago Bluff Circuit	7.5 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Moderate	213

Sydney’s Best Bush, Park & City Walks

Title: Sydney's Best Bush, Park & City Walks
Author: Veechi Stuart
Edition: 1
Publisher: Woodslane Press
ISBN: 9781921203145
Number of pages: 212
Year of Publication: 2008
Cover Price (au$): 29.95
Format: Paperback
Website: http://www.woodslane.com.au/
Weight (grams): 400
Regions the book covers: Sydney
Height (cm): 22

Subjects:
Trails - New South Wales - Sydney Region - Guidebooks,Hiking - New South Wales - Sydney Region - Guidebooks,Sydney Region (N.S.W.) - Guidebooks
Niche: Includes parkland and city street walks
Interpretive Information: Plenty
Grade system explained: Yes
Ascent and/or Decent provided: Yes
Driving directions provided: Yes
Date walks last reviewed provided: No
A summary of walks provided: Yes
Regional Map of walks provided: Yes
Maps designed for walking: Yes - reasonable detail
Type of maps used (for walking): Sketch
Colour used in walking maps: Multicolour
Size of walking maps: 1/4 page
Walking map Comment: Maps are varied in size, appropriate to walk
Colour depth of photos: Colour
Comment on Photographs: Photos on most pages
Level of detail in tracknotes: Detailed route information
Alternate route and side trip suggestions: Many walks

Walk Name	Length	Time	Grade	Page
Bushland gardens of Cooper Park	2 km	1 Hr	Easy	12
Lachlan Swamp and Busbys Pon	2.3 km	1 Hr	Easy	15
Forts and Tiger cages at Middle Head	3.2 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	18
Discovering The Rocks	3.6 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	21
Curl Curl Creek to Manly Dam	3 km	1 hr 15 mins	Easy	26
Discovering Mowbray mangroves	4.3 km	2 hrs	Easy	29
Northbridge to Cammeray via Flat Rock Creek	6 km	2 hrs 45 mins	Easy	32
Manly Dam Wildflower circuit	7.2 km	3 hrs 20 mins	Medium	36
Fullers Bridge to Thornleigh	13 km	5 hrs	Medium	39
Exploring Garigal National Park	19 km	7 hrs	Hard	43
Views of America Bay	2 km	1 Hr	Easy	50
Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden	4 km	2 hrs	Easy	52
Fint & Steel to White Horse Beach	3.8 km	2 hrs	Medium	56
Crabbing at Jerusalem Bay	5 km	3 hrs	Medium	60
Darri rack to the Sphinx via Warrimoo Track	7 km	3 hrs 30 mins	Medium	64
Highlights of Berowra Valley Regional Park	9.7 km	4 hrs	Medium	68
The history of Cowan Creek	10.7 km	4 hrs 30 mins	Medium	72
Bairne Track to the Basin	10.8 km	4 hrs 30 mins	Medium	76
Sphinx to Gibberagong, Cowan and Cockle	12 km	5 hrs	Medium/Hard	80
Cowan and Cockle Creek Grand Circuit	18 km	7 hrs	Hard	84
Cowan to Brooklyn	11 km	6 hrs	Hard	86
Native arboretums and forest trails	2.5 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	92
Hangmans Cave and the Convict Trail	3.9 km	1 hr 30 mins	Easy	95
Lake Parramatta foreshores	4 km	1 hr 45 mins	Easy	98
The forest of Cattai National Park	4.8 km	2 hrs 15 mins	Easy	102
Whale ROck and Devlins Creel	6.2 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Easy	105
Creeks and forest at Bidjigal Reserve	7.2 km	3 hrs 15 mins	Medium	109
Parramatta, the cradle of the nation	7.3 km	4 hrs	Medium	112
Dundas Valley and The Ponds Walk	8 km	3 hrs 30 mins	Medium	117
Gullies and creeks of Thornleigh	10.5 km	4 hrs 30 mins	Medium	120
Bob Turner's track and the Colo River	7 km	3 hrs 30 mins	Medium/Hard	124
Rugged country of Dharug National Park	8 km	4 hrs	Hard	126
Down the 'wire' from Bowen Mountain	4.2 km	3 hrs	Hard	130
Wetlands of Bicentennial Park	6.5 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Easy	136
Mount Annan and the Cumberland Plains	7 km	2 hrs 45 mins	Easy	140
Steam engines and more at Thirlmere Lakes	6.5 km	3 hrs	Medium	144
Little Mountain and Bents Basin	8.3 km	3 hrs	Medium	147
Foreshores of the Inner West	10 km	4 hrs	Medium	150
Lookouts over Nepean Gorge	13 km	5 hrs	Medium	154
Mermaids Pool and Tahmoor Canyon	8.5 km	5 hrs	Hard	158
Historic tramway and Bungoona Path	1 km	30 mins	V easy	164
Wetlands at Lime Kiln Bay and Oatley Park	4.8 km	2 hrs 15 mins	Easy	166
Secrets at Palona Cave	5.2 km	2 hrs 30 mins	Medium	169
Rainforest of Bola Creek and Forest Path	6.2 km	3 hrs	Easy/Medium	172
To hell and back via Werrong Track	3 km	1 hr 15 mins	Medium/Hard	176
Bottlebrish Forest to Karloo Pool	6.8 km	3 hrs	Medium	178
Waterfall to Heathcote via the Bullarring Track	12.2 km	5 hrs	Medium	182
Otford to Garie Beach	9.7 km	5 hrs	Medium	186
Garie Beach to Wattamolla via Curra Moors	8 km	3 hrs	Medium	190
Along the cliffs from Wattamolla to Bundeena	10.3 km	4 hrs	Medium	194
The Coast Track (Otford to Bundeena)	28 km	11 hrs	Hard	198

Jenolan Caves & The 6 Foot Track

Title: Jenolan Caves & The 6 Foot Track
Author: Robert Sloss
Edition: 1
Publisher: Robert Sloss
ISBN: 0958651280
Number of pages: 26
Year of Publication: 2000
Cover Price (au$): 11.90
Format: Paperback
Website: http://www.robertsloss.com.au/Guide%20Index.htm
Weight (grams): 55
Regions the book covers: Jenolan Caves, Six Foot Track
Height (cm): 21

Subjects:
Hiking -- New South Wales -- Jenolan Caves -- Guidebooks,Hiking -- New South Wales -- Blue Mountains -- Guidebooks,Jenolan Caves (N.S.W.) -- Guidebooks,Blue Mountains (N.S.W.) -- Guidebooks
Interpretive Information: Some
Grade system explained: Yes
Ascent and/or Decent provided: No
Driving directions provided: No
Date walks last reviewed provided: No
Regional Map of walks provided: Yes
Maps designed for walking: Yes - limited detail
Type of maps used (for walking): Sketch
Colour used in walking maps: Simple colour
Size of walking maps: Full page
Colour depth of photos: Colour
Comment on Photographs: Small photograph on most pages, giving a sense of the region
Level of detail in tracknotes: Detailed route information
Alternate route and side trip suggestions: Many walks

Walk Name	Length	Time	Page
Carlotta Arch Circuit	1.3 km	45 mins	6
Blue Lake Circuit	1 km	30 mins	6
The Hydro Track	2.8 km	1 Hr	7
Lucas Rocks Circuit	1.9 km	1 Hr	7
Devils Lookdown Circuit	2.85 km	1 hr 30 mins	7
McKeowns Valley - Rose Cottage Track	9.2 km	3 hrs	8
The Binda Ridge Circuit	11.6 km	4 hrs	11
Ginkin Lookout Track	4 km	30 mins	12
Banshee Rocks Circuit	6.1 km	3 hrs	12
Bulls Creek Circuit	13.5 km	6 hrs	13
The 6 Foot Track	44 km	3 Days	15
Jenolan Caves to Black Range	8.2 km		16
Clack Range to Alum Creek	13.1 km		16
Alum Creek to Coxs River	5.5 km		18
Coxs River to Megalong Road	7 km		20
Megalong Road to Katoomba	10.2 km		20
The Great Diving Range Circuit	6.5 km	3 hrs	26
Boggy Creek Circuit	11 km	3 hrs	26

Distance	km
Walking Speed	km/h
Total climbing	m
Total Decent	m

Berowra Valley

Berowra Valley Regional Park

470Mhz (FM) CB frequency table

Naismith’s Rule (estimate walking time)

Wind Chill

Geotagging Photos

Walks in the Blue Mountains National Park

Walks in the Blue Mountains National Park

List of walks in book

Take A Walk in Kosciuszko National Park

Take A Walk in Kosciuszko National Park

List of walks in book

Take a walk in a national park – Sydney to Port Macquarie

Take a walk in a national park - Sydney to Port Macquarie

List of walks in book

Sydney’s Best Bush, Park & City Walks

Sydney's Best Bush, Park & City Walks

List of walks in book

Jenolan Caves & The 6 Foot Track

Jenolan Caves & The 6 Foot Track

List of walks in book